Introduction: The January transfer window, introduced in the 2002-03 season, has become a pivotal period for Premier League clubs. Before the current two-window system, clubs could trade players throughout the season until March 31. Since then, the top-flight clubs have witnessed both successes and failures in the winter market. Arsenal's Mixed Fortunes: The Premier League's Big Six, including Arsenal, have collectively completed nearly 200 signings for their first-team squads in January since 2003. Arsenal, having made 22 deals, spent over £1.83 billion in